ECE-İPEK-EMİNE-TANSU



THE CINEMA

As we all accept, cinema is a very important part of our lives and has a fundamental role in humanbeings’ psychology. Cinema is a part of art which is very important for people to express themselves because art is the best way to enable individual development that humankind has ever found. It is like a vital part of our mentality that we need in any age to express ourselves better and cinema is one of the most effective parts of the art. How about the starting? The first product of the cinema in world’s history was shot in 1895 by Lumiere Brothers which was like a documentary whose subject was a train station. People who watch this, seeing a train coming across them were scared and they thought it was a magic Lumiere Brothers made but it wasn’t. The first cinema movie with a scenario was Le Voyage Dans La Lune (Travelling to the Moon) by George Melies in 1902 and the first coloured movie was ‘’Gone with the Wind’’ in 1939. People needed cinema because they needed to have a better way to tell a moment or a feeling and cinema has all the opportunities to enable that. Music, decoration, costumes but different than theatre, it is much more developed sector because people spend more time, money and energy to create a beautiful product which we call ‘’the Oscar winners.’’ Or it doesn’t need to win an Oscar to win some people’s hearts too. The cinema is a part of the culture which sometimes shapes the culture or is shaped by the culture. When people find something in the movies from themselves and their lives, the product becomes more important because it’s the way we express ourselves and will never lose its importance. TANSU TAŞDEMİR

In Turkey, film production was not continuous until around the 1950s and the film market in general was run by a few major import companies that struggled for domination in the most population-dense and profitable cities such as İstanbul and İzmir.Attempts in film production came only from big importers which could rely on their strong distribution system and their theatres that would guarantee them a return of investment.Between the years 1896-1945 the number of locally produced films did not even reach 50 films in total.Compared to the thousands of films that have been imported and screened during the same period in other countries, it is hard to speak about a presence of film production in Turkeybefore the 1950s. This rapidly changed after World War 2. A total of 49 films produced in 1952 meant that within a year, more films had been produced than the Turkish industry could produce during all the previous years.During the 60s, Turkey became the fifth biggest film producer world wide and annual film production reached the 300 film benchmark just at the beginning of 70s. **THE YEŞİLÇAM ERA** Yeşilçam(green pine) is a metonym fort he Turkish film industry, similar to Hollywood in the United States and Pinewood in the United Kingdom.Yeşilçam is named after Yeşilçam Street in Beyoğlu district of İstanbul where many actors, directors, crew members and studios were based. Yeşilçam experienced its heyday during the 1950-1970s, when it produced 250-300 films annually.After the 1970s, Yeşilçam suffered due to the spread of television in Turkey.However, Yeşilçam has seen a revival since 2002, having produced critically acclaimed moviees such as Uzak(won 17 awards and 2 nominations, including Grand Prix at 2003 Cannes Film Festival), Babam ve Oğlum and Propaganda.
 * THE HISTORY OF TURKISH CINEMA **

The number of cinemagoers and the number of films made record a constant increase, especially after 1958.In the 1960s, cinema courses were included in the programs of the theater departments in the Language, History and Geography faculties of Ankara University and Istanbul University, and in the Pres and Publications High School of Ankara University.A cinema branch was also established in the Art History Department of the State Fine Arts Academy.

In 1970, approximately 220 films were made and this figure reached 300 in 1972.Turkish cinema gave birth to legendary stars at this period, notable examples being Kemal Sunal, Kadir İnanır, Türkan Şoray and Şener Şen.After this period, however, the cinema began to lose its audiences, due to nationwide TV broadcasts.After 1970, a new and young generation of directors emerged, but they had to cope with and increased demand for video films after 1980.


 * EMİNE YİĞİT **

SOME EXAMPLES OF YEŞİLÇAM FİLMS = SUSUZ YAZ (1963) = It is a dramatic Turkısh film directed by Metin Erksan. It was adapted from the book Susuz Yaz by Necati Cumalı. It was Hülya Koçyiğit's the first film in cinema area. In this film Erol Taş was leading actor first time. It was censored in Turkey.The first presentation of film was made in Berlin Film Festival. Büyük Altın Ayı Ödülü was awarded to Susuz Yaz as a 'the best film'. It is the first film which win prize in international area in history of Türkish Cinema. Its topic is that Erol Taş wants to own the water that emerged from his area, but other villagers oppose to him. After that, they fight and his brother is arrested. Erol Taş covets his brother's wife when his brother is in prison. When Hasan (his brother) hears this, he chokes Erol Taş in the water they fight for. =EŞKIYA (1996) = === Because it was watched by 2 568 339 p eople in 1996-1997. It has become the most watched film until that time. This success changed history of Turkısh film (cinema) area that was economically bad since 1980s.The topic of this film is that Eşkıya learns that his best friend Berfo caused him to be arrested and Berfo married Eşkiya's darling Kaje. === =HABABA  M SINIFI = = = There are 6 films in series of Hababam Sınıfı. They were adapted from Rıfat Ilgaz's book. Five of these films was

directed by Ertem Eğilmez, only one of them was directed by Kartal Tibet.

Subject: Mahmut Hoca's efforts to discipline students (hababam sınıfı)

===I think Hababam Sınıfı is very enjoyable and it should be watched by every generations. Its actors were Kemal Sunal, Tarık Akan, Halit Akçatepe, Ayşen Gruda, Şener şen, Münir Özkul, Adile Naşit and a lot of other actors. These films' names are : ===

6)Hababam Sınıfı Güle Güle (1981)
=YOL (1981) = ==<span style="font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive;">It was directed by Y <span style="font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive; font-size: medium;">ılmaz Güney and Şerif Gönen. It was censored in Turkey, but the film was awarded in foreing countries. == ==<span style="font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive;">Its subject is that in authoritarianism period 5 prisoners are allowed to go their homes and during trek they live a lot of difficulties. The film was awarded ==

<span style="font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive;">Actors of film are: Tarık Akan, Şerif Sezer, Halil Ergün, Necmettin Çobanoğlu, Tuncay Akça
=<span style="color: #ff0000; font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive; font-size: small;">UÇURTMAYI VURMASINLAR = === **<span style="color: #404040; font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive; font-size: 110%;">Its director is Tunç Başaran and he adapted it Feride Çiçeklioğlu's book. It is a dramatic, politic and psychological film. The film became candidate of candidate for Oscar Prize from Turkey firstly in 1989. ** ===

**<span style="color: #404040; font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive;">The subject of film : prison life from a child's eyes, freedom and hope. **
<span style="font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive;"> **İPEK ÜNAL**


 * OUR PRAGRAPHS IN TERMS OF GRAMMER **

1) "Cinema is a part of art __which__ is very important for people to express themselves" RELATIVE CLAUSE

2)" __When__ people find something in the movies from themselves and their lives, the product becomes more important" ADVERBIAL CLAUSE

3)"A total of 49 films __produced__ in 1952 meant __that__ within a year, __more__ films had been produced __than__ the Turkish industry could produce during all the previous years." REDUCTION (which were produced), NOUN CLAUSE (in that part) and COMPARATIVE

4)"Yeşilçam is named after Yeşilçam Street in Beyoğlu district of İstanbul __where__ many actors, directors, crew members and studios were based." RELATIVE CLAUSE

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